Sheetal^*, Dr. Ranjana Yadav¹

 

*Research Scholar, Department of English, Sunrise University, Alwar, Rajasthan, India.

¹ Research Supervisor, Faculty of Humanities, Sunrise University, Alwar, Rajasthan, India.

 

Abstract

 

Digitalization of libraries has now turned into an exceptionally basic thing particularly in western nations and even metro urban communities of India. The development and architecture of digital library in Indian context and Architecture Easy Source Software has acquired an outlook change libraries, because of which the library spending plan on buy of diaries has brought down other than wiping out space issue. It has profited Research Scholars to deal with coveted data on the web, educators can get ready addresses, understudies can compose research articles, and medicinal or designing experts can counsel Architecture Easy source software for a befitting answer to their issues. Architecture Easy Source Software is made accessible alongside a Source Code uninhibitedly for overall population. The administration of India looking to open need conceives detailing an arrangement to present Architecture Easy source software under the Digital India activity. The present investigation subtle elements the current status of Architecture Easy source software, its advantage and utilization among Research Scholars.

 

Presentation

Architecture Easy source software is accessible free of cost for the utilization and redistribute or alter and create with no limitation or legitimate boundaries. Architecture Easy source software implies the software, whose source codes are accessible uninhibitedly for overall population alongside the software.

 

This software accompanies the consent to additionally adjust or create, with the condition that their source codes will be made accessible for overall population. Architecture Easy source software will be software whose source code is accessible for adjustment or upgrade by anybody. "Source code" is the piece of software that most Artificial Intelligence (AI) equipped clients never observe; it's the code AI equipped developers can control to change how a bit of software—a "program" or "application"— works. Software engineers who approach a AI equipped program's source code can enhance that program by adding elements to it or settling parts that don't generally work effectively.

 

Requirement for Architecture Easy Source Software in India, fundamentally in the field of library and data science, training and protection ponders, and so on., Sandhi is a free and Architecture Easy-source visual programming dialect and supervisor, SciLab, Python, Architecture EasyPLC and so on are the other instructive Architecture Easy source software generally utilized crosswise over India. There are numerous Architecture Easy Source Library Management Software in presence, i.e. Avanti, Evergreen, PhpMyLibrary, Koha, NewGen Lib, and so forth. Digital library software assumes an essential part in overseeing, recovering and perusing of the electronic archives kept in the server of the library. Numerous Architecture Easy source software is accessible, for example, Dspace, Greenstone and Eprint and so on. Libraries need to utilize them. OJS (Architecture Easy Diary System), DPubs,(Digital Publishing System) ePubTk (e-distributing toolbox) are the distributing Architecture Easy source software, PSPP, JAGS, greti, and so on are investigation Architecture Easy source software and Zotero for the style of reference and list of sources.

 

―By Use of free and Architecture Easy source software could enable India to spare more than Rs 8,300 crore in government costs on instruction and police just, says another examination, vindicating the Center's turn to advance such software as a major aspect of its Digital India activity. Schools and different establishments could spare an expected Rs 8,254 crore by embracing free and Architecture Easy source software (FOSS) while police offices could spare about Rs 51.20 crore, said an examination driven by Rahul De, Hewlett-Packard Chair Professor at the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore. Architecture Easy Source Software is fundamental in every one of the fields or divisions or administrative offices or in the private foundation or association to make their work smooth and Architecture Easy in ICT or the present existence of individuals with no additional cost or any legitimate obstructions.

 

Indian government software applications set out to embrace such an Architecture Easy source approach vide which they may spare a large number of dollars by relinquishing exclusive framework. The administration imagines detailing an approach to present Architecture Easy source software under the Digital India activity. The strategy creators are attempting to make a GitHub-like storehouse of software. Mr. R S Sharma, Secretary, Department of Electronics and Information Technology, told the Economic Times that, "We would prefer not to make it an issue of belief system however wherever conceivable, we need to make utilization of Architecture Easy source. We are additionally get ready something like a Source Forge, where we will Architecture Easy up the source code of all the current software and group source advancement like on GitHub," GitHub and Source Forge are mainstream web vaults for software code that can be shared and reconsidered by many individuals. Specialists feel that this will profoundly enhance e-administration and include noteworthy investment funds as code and applications can be reused. Governments in India are relied upon to burn through $6.4 billion on IT items and administrations in 2014, as indicated by Gartner. "The favorable position is that each counseling firm won't need to re-design the software," said Sharma. The arrangement expects to accelerate advancement and organization of e- administration extends crosswise over different parts in the legislature.

 

Shut source software implies software whose source code is not distributed and not imparted to open on the off chance that they give at that point charge to software. The researchers have requested Architecture Easy source software with the goal that they may profit by it in their research for examination, reference style and so forth as it spares cash and time. Researchers use the Architecture Easy source software enough.

 

Literature Review

 

Baruah (2007) analyzed significance and utility of Architecture Easy get to, Architecture Easy source and Architecture Easy models in libraries. Architecture Easy get to attempts to decrease hindrances to insightful correspondence and literature accessible in different structures like Architecture Easy get to document, institutional vaults, Architecture Easy get to diaries, Architecture Easy courseware and Architecture Easy source and so on.

 

Architecture Easy get to essentially calls for insightful distributions to be made openly accessible to libraries and end clients and guarantees long haul get to.

 

Architecture Easy source software incorporates: accessibility of source code free of cost; software must be allowed to redistribute; subordinate work must be permitted; the permit can't oppress any individual and any field of attempt. Architecture Easy source software is helping libraries principally in bringing down introductory and continuous cost, dispensing with seller secure taking into account more noteworthy adaptability.

 

Architecture Easy source software are Dspace, Greenstone, Koha, BiteX and LaTex, SMILE, RefDB, Architecture Easy office bibliographic venture and Bibliographer and so on. Architecture Easy principles and Architecture Easy source can enable libraries to protect long haul to access to Architecture Easy get to and different sorts of E-Journals, E-Books and E –Databases. Libraries cooperating can utilize Architecture Easy sources software, for example, LOCKSS to guarantee proceeded with access to these insightful productions long into what's to come.

 

Khode and Chandel (2015) investigation depended on adjustment of Architecture Easy source software (OSS) in India. The principle goals of the examination were to evaluate the status of OSS in India, Institutions by their sort utilizing and Institution utilizing OSS for library mechanization and Institutional archives in broad daylight space and Distribution of OSS in different states. This examination incorporates those organizations that could be checked by web based getting to their online library list and digital/institutional vault. Out of various 96 Architecture Easy Source digital library/storehouses software, the greater part of archives 67 are utilizing DSpace OSS though 26 utilizing E-prints. Greenstone is utilized by just 3 archives and stands at third position. Foundations that are utilizing OSS for library mechanization is 166 establishments, 89 are scholastic establishments taken after by 35 research organizations, 9 Public libraries, 8 government associations, 7 library consortium, 6 uncommon libraries and so forth.. State astute dissemination of 166 Indian Institutions that are utilizing Architecture Easy Source digital Library software. Lion's share of foundations i.e., 34 are from Karnataka taken after by New Delhi, Maharashtra, Tamil Naidu, West Bengal Kerala, Gujarat, U.P. what's more, Andhra Pradesh and Haryana individually. Establishments of 42 Architecture Easy source library management software were finished by software organizations, trailed by library staff (10) and IT staff (8). Out of 42 establishments of Architecture Easy source library management software from organization in India, most elevated establishments 30 were finished by Nucsoft OSS Labs taken after by Architecture EasyLX Technologies Pvt. Ltd. What's more, First Ray Consulting in India.

 

Omeluzor, Adara, Ezinwayi, Bamidele, and Umahi (2012) expressed that ―the interest for perfection in all parts of a college instructive framework made it basic for colleges around the globe to ascend to their responsibilities (http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewco ntent.cgi?article=3352&context=libphilprac)

 

Gift (2012) examine likewise recognized a few inhibitors to incorporate that the management does not see the utilization of the software in those segments as important (54.8%), dread of administration bolster issues (64.3%), and inaccessibility of Internet access in the libraries to empower downloading of software 61.9%.

 

Targets of the investigation

 

Research researcher group is considered exceedingly clever and clearly they are most forward in using imaginative innovation. Subsequently, whatever they have, feel, utilize or do in the field of Architecture Easy Source Software truly matters for the advance of society and the people to come. Along these lines, to draw out the reality openly, it was chosen to lead an investigation on Research Scholars with the accompanying destinations:-

 

•                  To think about the AI equipped and web abilities among Research researchers.

•                  To know the level of mindfulness about Architecture Easy Source Software among Research researchers.

•                 Utilization of Architecture Easy Source

 

Software versus subscribed/bought software.

•                  To survey the recurrence of utilizing Architecture Easy Source Software.

•                  To discover the motivation behind utilizing Architecture Easy Source Software.

•                  To discover the media utilized as a part of Architecture Easy Source Software.

•                  Problems in getting to Architecture Easy Source Software on the web. 

 

Methodology

The methodology received to survey the utilization of Architecture Easy source software.

 

Scope, Limitation & Sample Size of the Study

The scope of the study is confined to research scholars pertaining to different geographical area of Hyderabad and limited to 20 numbers of research scholars only. The questionnaire has been carved out carrying important questions relating to usage of Architecture Easy source software. Such a sample questionnaire was delivered and after receipt thereof from respondents, a detailed analytical study was conducted and the outcome is placed here below in this article. The study is strictly restricted to the usage of Architecture Easy Source Software among Research Scholars.

 

Analysis of Data

The data collected by using different methods were analysed, interpreted and presented in the following tables.

AI equipped & Internet Skill level (Table - 1)

Extent	Yes	%age
Installation of software (e.g. Chrome, VLC, Whatsapp)	20	100
Using search engine (e.g. Google)	20	100
Identify & use icons (Folder, file application and shortcut)	20	100
Download & Upload from internet	20	100
Using pen drive & CD	20	100
Sending email with file attachment	20	100
Creating Power point Presentation	20	100
Note: Multiple answers were permitted.

 

The research scholars proved their might about knowledge of AI equipped and internet usage skills as cent percent users were well aware about creating PPT presentations, sending e-mail with file attachment, usage of pen drive and CDs, download or upload, install software and usage of search engines. This also points to their being AI equipped and internet savvy. This is also an appreciating augment.

Awareness about Architecture Easy Source Software (Table -2)

 

Extent	Total	%age
Yes	20	100
No	0	0

Conclusion

After a point by point talk and systematic investigation of the information accumulated from Research Scholars, the discoveries have showed up which presumes that Research Scholars are a benefit of the nation and they are exceptionally creative in using the present day procedures. Researchers are percent aware of AI equipped aptitudes and web office and are very much aware of Architecture Easy Source.

 

Software innovation and office: In spite of the fact that, there are a few web indexes exhibit on web, yet Google web crawler is the undisputed First Preference among all the Research researchers and Yahoo stands second. Research researchers incline toward Laptop over other media being utilized for getting to Architecture Easy Source Software as a large portion of them are Daily clients and in that capacity convey Laptop alongside them wherever they go in light of the fact that they need to continue counseling Architecture Easy Source Software every now and then about the most recent data regarding their matter point of research. Architecture Easy Source Software (OSS) has developed massively in degree and fame in the course of the most recent quite a long while, and is currently in across the board utilize.

 

So far as the issues are concerned, the Research researchers speedily bring up that low Internet Speed disturbs them being the First and Topmost issue. Most likely, this is a Time Consuming movement yet justified regardless of the esteem. Generally, Architecture Easy Source Software is a decent strategy and famous among Research Scholars.

 

References:

 

1.      What       is        Architecture      Easy       Source       Software? https://Architecture Easysource.com/resources/what -Architecture Easy-source.

2.      Why Architecture Easy Source Misses the Point of Free Software - GNU Project - Free Software

3.      http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-11-13/news/56060533_1_source-code- Architecture Easy-source-venkatesh-hariharan.

4.      Baruah, Bobby Goswami, 2007. Role of Architecture Easy access, Architecture Easy standards and Architecture Easy sources in libraries: A Study 5^th convention PLANNER – 2007.

5.      Khode, Subhash & Chandel, Sunil Singh, 2015. Adoption of Architecture Easy Source software in India‘. DESIDOC.

Read more ...

Dwivedi, D. (2026). Green Growth as a Pillar of Viksit Bharat: Rethinking India's Environmental Policy Roadmap to 2047. International Journal for Social Studies, 12(1), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.26643/ijss/16

 

Dhipragya Dwivedi

MSc Environmental Science, Global Open University, Nagaland

UGC NET Environmental Science

dhipragya.dwivedi@gmail.com

 

Abstract

India’s ambition to become a developed nation—Viksit Bharat—by the centenary of its independence in 2047 coincides with an unprecedentedly tight global climate deadline. This paper argues that green growth is not merely an environmental accessory to the Viksit Bharat vision but a constitutive pillar of it: sustained, high-growth development is impossible on a degraded resource base, and India’s climate commitments, including net-zero by 2070 and the Panchamrit targets announced at COP26, must therefore be read as an industrial and economic strategy rather than a compliance exercise (Government of India, 2022). Drawing on the trajectory of India’s environmental policy architecture—from the National Solar Mission to the National Green Hydrogen Mission and the Life Mission—the paper assesses whether existing instruments can deliver an inclusive green transition by 2047.

The paper finds that India’s green economy could unlock a market value of roughly USD 1 trillion and sustain over 40 million jobs by 2047 if investment, innovation, and institutional capacity are scaled decisively (Council on Energy, Environment and Water [CEEW], 2025). However, several fault lines remain under-addressed: the dominance of coal in the electricity mix, the concentration of green industries and finance, the absence of robust social protection for displaced workers in fossil-fuel and agrarian livelihoods, and weak environmental federalism and enforcement. The paper proposes a rethinking of the roadmap along three axes—alignment of fiscal incentives with Net Zero goals, institutionalisation of just-transition planning at the state level, and a shift from reactive regulation toward anticipatory, technology-inclusive policy design. It concludes that Viksit Bharat, if it is to be real and enduring, must be a green, resilient, and equitable development model rather than a delayed variant of carbon-intensive growth.

 

Keywords: Green growth; Viksit Bharat 2047; net zero 2070; climate policy; Panchamrit; just transition; environmental governance; renewable energy.

 

1. Introduction

In August 2047, India will mark one hundred years of independence. The Government of India has framed this milestone as a national development benchmark—Viksit Bharat—envisioning a prosperous, inclusive, and globally influential nation (NITI Aayog, 2023). The scale of the ambition is considerable: an economy expected to grow by manifold multiples, with rising per-capita incomes, urbanisation, industrialisation, and infrastructure. Yet the very material foundation on which this growth rests—air, water, soil, forests, and a stable climate—is under severe stress. India is among the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world, confronting intensifying heatwaves, erratic monsoons, floods, and coastal risks (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], 2022).

The central contention of this paper is that the environmental question has been, and remains, wrongly framed as a trade-off against development. When posed as “growth versus environment,” the choice is false. Resource degradation erodes the very productivity that growth depends on: polluted air lowers labour productivity, environmental health burdens raise public expenditure, and climate disruption threatens infrastructure and agriculture. Conversely, a growth strategy that internalises ecological limits—what is conventionally termed green growth—can generate employment, innovation, and export competitiveness while protecting the resource base (World Bank, 2012). This paper therefore treats green growth not as an option superseding the Viksit Bharat agenda but as the only coherent route to it.

The analysis proceeds through several stages. Section 2 clarifies the concept of green growth and situates it within the Viksit Bharat framework. Section 3 traces the evolution of India’s environmental policy architecture. Section 4 examines the principal pillars of the green transition, while Section 5 considers the financing challenge. Section 6 interrogates governance and the imperative of a just transition. Section 7 identifies the principal challenges that demand rethinking. Section 8 offers policy recommendations, and Section 9 concludes.

 

 

2. Green Growth and the Viksit Bharat Framework

The term green growth denotes a development path that fosters economic growth and development while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which human well-being relies (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2011). It is distinguished from environmental regulation conceived as restraint; rather, it is a productivity paradigm in which efficiency, circularity, clean energy, and ecological restoration become sources of value. For a nation like India, green growth offers the double dividend of decoupling emissions growth from income growth while creating new industrial capability.

The Viksit Bharat programme does not, on its face, promise decarbonisation as a headline goal. Its stated outcomes—economic size, per-capita income, human development, infrastructure, and global standing—are primarily developmental. But the programme’s own planning documents, and the constitutional and legislative commitments India has made to climate action, bind the two agendas together. Through the Panchamrit—five nectar elements—announced at COP26 in Glasgow, India committed to achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity, meeting 50 percent of its energy requirements from renewables, reducing one billion tonnes of projected emissions, cutting the emissions intensity of GDP by 45 percent from 2005 levels, and reaching net-zero emissions by 2070 (Government of India, 2022). Under the Paris Agreement, India also submitted updated Nationally Determined Contributions embedding these targets as binding elements of its climate architecture (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNFCCC], 2022).

Read together, the developmental and climate agendas intersect. A Viksit Bharat that achieves high income without energy security and climate resilience would be brittle; a decarbonising India that forfeits growth and jobs would be politically and socially unsustainable. The convergence of the two is what green growth provides: a pathway in which clean technology, efficiency, and ecological restoration generate the growth dividend while enabling India’s Paris commitments (Climate Action Tracker, 2022).

 

3. The Evolution of India’s Environmental Policy Architecture

India’s environmental policy has moved in distinct phases, each reflecting shifting conceptions of the relationship between environment and development. The earliest phase, rooted in the 1970s and 1980s, was regulatory and pollution-focused, culminating in the Environment (Protection) Act of 1986, which created an umbrella legal framework for environmental protection (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change [MoEFCC], 2019). During this period the assumption was that industrialisation produced externalities that the state must constrain.

The second phase, from the 1990s to the early 2000s, coincided with economic liberalisation and the rise of global climate diplomacy. India’s stance in international negotiations during this era was markedly developmental—insisting on common but differentiated responsibilities and resisting binding emissions reductions for developing economies. Domestically, however, the seeds of a clean-energy strategy were planted, and the early 2000s saw the emergence of dedicated environmental institutions and programmes.

The third phase, which this paper argues continues into the present, is decisively green-growth oriented. The National Action Plan on Climate Change (2008) and its missions, notably the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, signalled the shift from restraint to opportunity. The pace accelerated markedly after the Paris Agreement: renewable capacity grew rapidly, the International Solar Alliance was established, and in 2021–2022 the National Green Hydrogen Mission and the Life Mission (lifestyle for environment) were launched (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy [MNRE], 2023). The defining feature of the contemporary phase is the framing of climate action as an investment opportunity and strategic asset—an industrial policy for competitiveness—rather than a cost to be borne.

This evolution is progressive, but it has not been linear or without contradiction. Coal continues to dominate electricity generation, and the transition has proceeded unevenly across sectors. The legacy of the regulatory phase—segmented institutions, project-by-project environmental clearances, and weak enforcement—still shapes implementation (Narain, 2021). The roadmap to 2047 must therefore confront both the unfinished business of the older architecture and the new demands of a green economy.

 

4. Pillars of the Green Transition to 2047

Four pillars define the substantive content of a green-growth roadmap to 2047.

Energy transition. The energy transition is the most advanced pillar. India has positioned itself as a global renewable-energy leader, with ambitious targets for solar, wind, and green hydrogen. The domestic renewable sector’s rapid cost decline has made solar the cheapest new-build source in much of the country. Yet the share of coal in generation remains high, and grid integration, storage, and transmission are binding constraints. A credible 2047 pathway requires not only scaling renewables but a planned, socially managed phase-down of fossil capacity led by a determinedly low-carbon electricity system (Central Electricity Authority, 2023).

Industrial and resource efficiency. The second pillar is the decarbonisation of industry, transport, and buildings. India’s industrial base is heavily energy- and material-intensive, and demand for steel, cement, road transport, and aviation is projected to surge with urbanisation and income growth. Green growth in this sphere means efficiency, material substitution, circularity, and green hydrogen as a feedstock for refining, fertiliser, and steel. The National Green Hydrogen Mission exemplifies the attempt to build whole new industries on clean-energy foundations (MNRE, 2023).

Nature and adaptation. The third pillar concerns ecosystems. Forests, wetlands, and coastal systems are both carbon sinks and critical infrastructure for adaptation to climate impacts. India’s large agrarian and coastal populations depend on natural systems for livelihoods, and planetary resilience is inseparable from rural prosperity. Investment in regenerative agriculture, watershed management, forest restoration, and disaster risk reduction is therefore a core, not peripheral, element of the green transition (IPCC, 2022).

Urban sustainability. The fourth pillar is the sustainable city. Urbanisation is intrinsic to Viksit Bharat, yet Indian cities today suffer from air pollution, inadequate water and sanitation, congestion, and heat exposure. Green growth in the urban context means compact, transit-oriented, energy-efficient, and climate-resilient urban development that simultaneously lifts quality of life. This is where the health, equity, and productivity dividends of green growth are most immediately realisable.

 

5. Financing the Green Transition

The financing gap is the single most consequential obstacle to the 2047 roadmap. Estimates of India’s climate investment needs range into the trillions of dollars cumulatively, a vast multiple of current public and private outlays. Analysis by the Council on Energy, Environment and Water suggests that a full green-economy transformation by 2047 could unlock a market value of around USD 1 trillion (approximately INR 97.7 lakh crore) and sustain roughly 48 million jobs—evidence that the transition is as much an economic opportunity as a cost (CEEW, 2025).

Mobilising this capital requires three instruments in combination. First, public finance must be repurposed: subsidy regimes that currently favour fossil fuels and resource-intensive agriculture should be progressively redirected toward clean energy, green industry, and ecosystem services, with attention to fiscal sustainability and distribution. Second, private capital must be scaled through green finance markets, blended finance, and climate-aligned banking and insurance regulation, enabling domestic institutional investors to fund domestic transition assets. Third, international climate finance and technology transfer, long pledged under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement but repeatedly under-delivered, must be leveraged as a complement rather than a substitute for domestic resources (UNFCCC, 2022).

 

6. Governance, Institutions and the Just Transition

Institutions determine whether policy translates into outcomes. India’s environmental governance is marked by centralised regulation, fragmented agencies, and weak coordination between the Centre, states, and municipalities. Environmental federalism in India means that implementation depends heavily on state capacity, which varies considerably. A roadmap to 2047 therefore depends on building state-level green-planning capacity, harmonising environmental clearances with developmental priorities, and strengthening monitoring, accountability, and public participation (Narain, 2021).

Equally central is the just transition. The shift away from coal and carbon-intensive agriculture will displace workers and communities whose livelihoods are bound to those sectors. Coal-mining regions in particular face the risk of abrupt economic decline if the transition is unmanaged. A just transition requires anticipatory planning—skill development, alternative livelihoods, diversification of coal-linked districts, and robust social protection. Without it, the ecological case for green growth will founder on the legitimate resistance of affected populations, and the political sustainability of the entire agenda is jeopardised.

 

7. Challenges Demanding Rethinking

Notwithstanding the strengths of India’s framework, several challenges compel a fundamental rethinking of the roadmap. First, the incumbency of coal entails entrenched economic and political interests, and a growth-first framing can excuse indefinitely delayed phase-downs. The momentum of grid expansion, financing, and storage must be deliberately engineered to outpace coal’s inertia.

Second, the distributive dimension has been insufficiently integrated. Green industries and finance have tended to concentrate in a handful of states and firms, while energy transition costs and health externalities fall unevenly. A genuine Viksit Bharat cannot leave entire regions as the losers of decarbonisation.

Third, enforcement and data gaps undermine credibility. Air and water quality monitoring, emissions accounting, and pollution compliance are uneven and under-resourced, eroding the trust on which both domestic investment and international credibility depend (MoEFCC, 2019).

Fourth, the relationship between global commitments and domestic agency is unresolved. India has historically resisted external pressure while asserting national ownership of its climate policy. The 2047 roadmap must reconcile this sovereign stance with the urgent, cooperative demands of the global commons, particularly in a world where supply chains, finance, and trade are increasingly climate-conditioned (Climate Action Tracker, 2022).

 

8. Policy Recommendations for the Roadmap to 2047

On the basis of the preceding analysis, this paper offers five recommendations. First, align fiscal policy with Net Zero: reform subsidies and taxation so that the price signals facing households, firms, and investors consistently reinforce decarbonisation, while protecting low-income consumers through targeted transfers. Second, institutionalise just-transition planning: create a statutory framework requiring coal-linked and carbon-intensive regions to prepare transition plans with dedicated financing, so that equity is built into the design of the transition rather than bolted on in response to displacement. Third, deepen state-level green capacity: invest in sub-national institutions, aligning state power, renewable, and environmental mandates so that the 2047 vision is implemented as a federal compact. Fourth, move from reactive to anticipatory regulation: build the institutional ability to assess emerging technologies—green hydrogen, batteries, carbon removal, digital monitoring—so that regulation enables rather than lags innovation. Fifth, expand the finance market: develop sovereign green bonds, blended finance, and a climate-aligned financial regulatory framework that mobilises domestic institutional capital at the scale required (CEEW, 2025; IPCC, 2022).

 

9. Conclusion

This paper has argued that green growth must be understood as a constitutive pillar of Viksit Bharat, not an optional complement to it. India’s development and climate agendas, far from being in tension, are convergent: the resource base on which rapid, inclusive growth depends is inseparable from the environmental and climate transition that India has committed to under the Paris Agreement and its own national missions. The evidence largely supports the proposition that a green economy can be an engine of value creation and employment at the very scale the 2047 vision requires (CEEW, 2025).

Realising that promise will, however, demand a rethinking of the roadmap along financial, institutional, and distributive lines. Fossil incumbency, financing gaps, enforcement weaknesses, and uneven regional gains are not incidental obstacles but structural ones. The task for the quarter-century ahead is to build the policy architecture—fiscal alignment, just-transition planning, state capacity, anticipatory regulation, and scaled finance—that converts an aspirational vision into a managed, equitable, and credible transition. Viksit Bharat at 2047 will be judged not merely by the size of its economy but by whether that growth was built on a foundation that could endure. Green growth is that foundation.

 

References

Central Electricity Authority. (2023). National electricity plan. Ministry of Power, Government of India. (Google Scholar)

Climate Action Tracker. (2022). India’s net zero targets: Assessment. Climate Analytics & New Climate Institute. (Web)

Council on Energy, Environment and Water. (2025). Building a green economy for Viksit Bharat. CEEW. (Google Scholar / ceew.in)

Government of India. (2022). India’s Panchamrit and updated Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. (Official / UNFCCC upload)

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Cambridge University Press. (Google Scholar / IPCC)

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. (2019). Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the environmental governance framework. MoEFCC, Government of India. (Official)

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. (2023). National Green Hydrogen Mission and renewable energy roadmap. MNRE, Government of India. (Official / Google Scholar)

NITI Aayog. (2023). Viksit Bharat @2047: Vision document and roadmap. Government of India. (Google Scholar / niti.gov.in)

Narain, S. (2021). Confronting the realities of environmental governance and clearance in India. Centre for Science and Environment. (Google Scholar / ResearchGate)

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2011). Towards green growth. OECD Publishing. (Google Scholar)

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2022). India’s updated first Nationally Determined Contribution. UNFCCC Secretariat. (Official / UNFCCC.int)

World Bank. (2012). Inclusive green growth: The pathway to sustainable development. World Bank Publications. (Google Scholar)

Read more ...